抹茶系统工艺 Catalog|核心流程·中英术语·英文描述
1. 核心结论
附件中可归纳出一条稳定的抹茶工业主线:
覆盖栽培 → 采摘鲜叶 → 蒸汽杀青 → 快速冷却 → 碾茶炉干燥 → 梗叶分离 → 复烘与切断风选 → 碾茶精制除杂 → 拼配 → 精细研磨 → 过筛与异物控制 → 分装、检验和储藏
其中,4 组独立资料均明确出现的共同核心是:蒸汽杀青、冷却、干燥、梗叶分离、碾茶、研磨。覆盖、采摘、精制、除杂和包装在多数资料中出现,构成完整商业化抹茶 catalog 必不可少的前后段。
抹茶不是普通绿茶粉。附件采用的共同判别逻辑是:原料来自覆盖栽培鲜叶,经蒸汽或热风杀青和干燥制成碾茶,再将碾茶研磨为微粉状茶产品。
2. 系统工艺总览
flowchart LR
A["茶园与品种<br>Tea garden and cultivars"] --> B["覆盖栽培<br>Shading cultivation"]
B --> C["采摘与储青<br>Harvesting and fresh-leaf holding"]
C --> D["蒸汽杀青<br>Steam fixation"]
D --> E["快速冷却<br>Rapid cooling"]
E --> F["初次干燥<br>Primary drying"]
F --> G["梗叶分离<br>Stem-leaf separation"]
G --> H["复烘、切断与风选<br>Re-drying, cutting and air classification"]
H --> I["碾茶<br>Tencha"]
I --> J["精制、杀菌与除杂<br>Refining, sterilization and foreign-matter removal"]
J --> K["拼配<br>Blending"]
K --> L["研磨<br>Milling"]
L --> M["过筛与异物检测<br>Sieving and foreign-matter inspection"]
M --> N["分装与储藏<br>Filling and storage"]
3. 核心工艺术语 Catalog
| 序 | 中文标准术语 | Catalog 原文英文 | 建议统一英文 | 工艺目的 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | 覆盖栽培/遮阴 | Shading; Shading cultivation | Shading cultivation | 降低直射光,促进叶绿素和氨基酸积累,并抑制儿茶素形成。 |
| 02 | 采摘 | Harvesting; Plucking; Hand-plucking | Harvesting | 在覆盖期结束后采收适制碾茶的鲜叶。 |
| 03 | 储青 | Withering | Fresh-leaf holding | 短时暂存鲜叶并维持鲜活,等待连续加工;不建议将其标准化为萎凋。 |
| 04 | 蒸汽杀青 | Fixation; Steaming | Steam fixation | 快速钝化酶活性,固定绿色和鲜叶风味。 |
| 05 | 冷却/风力冷却 | Cooling | Rapid air cooling | 迅速散热和排湿,避免余热造成闷黄或过熟。 |
| 06 | 碾茶炉干燥/初次烘干 | Drying; Baking | Tencha drying | 降低水分,形成可分离、可储存的干叶结构。 |
| 07 | 梗叶分离 | Leaf Splitting; Leaf-Stem separating | Stem-leaf separation | 分离叶片与粗梗,提高成品细腻度、色泽和口感纯净度。 |
| 08 | 二次烘干/足火 | Re-drying | Re-drying | 梗、叶分别干燥,稳定水分并便于后续精制。 |
| 09 | 切断/复切 | Cutting; Re-cutting | Cutting and re-cutting | 调整叶片尺寸,使分选、拼配和研磨更均匀。 |
| 10 | 风选脉叶分离 | Air classification; Leaf-Vein separating | Air classification and leaf-vein separation | 利用气流和密度差去除叶脉及轻重杂质。 |
| 11 | 碾茶 | Tencha | Tencha | 抹茶研磨前的专用片状原料,是抹茶与普通绿茶粉的关键分界。 |
| 12 | 蒸汽杀菌 | Steam Sterilization | Steam sterilization | 降低微生物风险,同时兼顾安全与鲜度。 |
| 13 | 匀堆拼配 | Auto Blending; Blending | Batch blending | 均一批次色泽、香气、滋味与理化指标。 |
| 14 | 色选/视觉识别 | Color sorting; Visual identification | Optical sorting and visual inspection | 识别异色颗粒和可见异物。 |
| 15 | 磁选 | Magnetic Absorption | Magnetic separation | 吸附铁磁性异物;标准英文宜用 separation,而非 absorption。 |
| 16 | X 光与金属检测 | X-ray and Metal Detection | X-ray and metal detection | 识别并剔除金属及其他高密度异物。 |
| 17 | 球磨 | Ball milling | Ball milling | 通过球磨介质实现高通量细化。 |
| 18 | 气流粉碎 | Jet milling | Jet milling | 利用高速气流碰撞粉碎,降低机械接触。 |
| 19 | 石磨 | Electric stone mill; Traditional stone mill | Stone milling | 低速研磨,强调细腻度、光泽与传统风味表达。 |
| 20 | 过筛 | Sieving | Sieving | 控制粒度并拦截返工点及废弃物。 |
| 21 | 定量分装 | Packaging and weighing | Weighing and filling | 按规格计量,在洁净环境中完成内包装。 |
| 22 | 封口、外包装与储藏 | Sealing; Outer packaging; Storage | Sealing, outer packaging and storage | 隔绝氧气、水分、光和异味,维持色泽与风味。 |
4. 分阶段工艺说明与附件英文描述
A. 茶园与鲜叶管理
A1. 风土、品种、有机管理
RTV catalog 将原料端概括为:“Terroir · superior varieties · Shading · Harvesting · Organic”。原料端决定色泽、氨基酸水平、苦涩结构和后续可加工性。
A2. 覆盖栽培 — Shading cultivation
- Fog Valley:“Shading for 15 days before plucking.”
- Matcha (1):春季分两阶段覆盖,第一次遮光约 50–60%,一周后提高至 90% 以上;覆盖 20 天以上再采摘。
- RTV:“Selection of shading net”、“Decide the timing of the shading and the removal of shading”、“Maintain the shading frame and net”。
Catalog 描述: Covering the tea canopy before harvest reduces light exposure, supports chlorophyll and amino-acid accumulation, and helps produce the deep green color and mellow umami expected from matcha.
A3. 采摘 — Harvesting
- RTV:“Mechanical Harvesting or Hand-plucking.”
- Fog Valley:“Plucking by hand.”
- Matcha (1):约 4 月下旬至 5 月初采一季春茶,采后立即修剪、施肥。
Catalog 描述: Shaded shoots are harvested at the intended maturity and transferred promptly for processing to preserve freshness and color.
B. 碾茶初制 — Primary Tencha Processing
B1. 储青 — Fresh-leaf holding
RTV 中文版原词为“储青”,英文版写作 “Withering”。此处工艺意图是短时鲜叶暂存而非红茶式萎凋,建议对外统一为 Fresh-leaf holding。
B2. 杀青 — Steam fixation
附件出现三类杀青路径:
- Saturated Vapor — 饱和蒸汽杀青
- Superheated Steam — 过热蒸汽杀青
- Integrated Superheated Steam and Hot Wind — 过热蒸汽结合热风杀青
Fog Valley 的流程直接标为 “steaming”;森伴园参数页给出 100°C 饱和水蒸气、杀青时间约 25 秒。
Catalog 描述: Fresh leaves are rapidly steam-fixed to deactivate oxidative enzymes, preserve the green color, and retain the clean, fresh character required for tencha.
B3. 冷却 — Rapid cooling
附件原词:“Cooling”;Matcha (1) 写作“风力冷却”。
Catalog 描述: The steamed leaves are immediately cooled with air to remove residual heat and moisture and to prevent yellowing or overcooking.
B4. 干燥 — Tencha drying
RTV 原文设备和路径包括:
- Brick Oven — 砖炉
- Chain-plated Dryer — 网带式碾茶炉
- Vortex Hot Wind — 涡流热风
Fog Valley 使用 “baking” 和 “drying”;森伴园参数页给出烘焙温度约 160°C、时间约 45 分钟,以及足火约 100°C、25 分钟。参数只代表对应附件产线,不应直接当作所有工厂通用标准。
Catalog 描述: The cooled leaves are dried in a tencha dryer to reduce moisture while maintaining an open, unrolled leaf structure suitable for separation and milling.
B5. 梗叶分离与复烘 — Stem-leaf separation and re-drying
RTV:“Leaf Splitting”,子描述 “Leaf-Stem separating”;复烘描述为 “drying the leaf and the stem separately”。Fog Valley 用 “separating” 将 leaves 与 sticks 分流。
Catalog 描述: Stems and coarse veins are separated from the leaf material; each fraction is re-dried as needed to stabilize moisture and improve the purity of the tencha base.
B6. 切断与风选 — Cutting and air classification
- Cutting 1 — sizing the leaves
- Air classification — Leaf-Vein separating
- Re-cutting — Further mincing the leaves
- Re-air-classification — Separating the vein from the leaf
Catalog 描述: The dried leaf is cut to a controlled size and repeatedly air-classified to remove veins and obtain a clean, uniform tencha fraction.
C. 碾茶精制 — Refined Tencha Processing
C1. 杀菌、匀堆和除杂
RTV 使用以下完整标题:
- “Full-automatic Tencha Steam Sterilization for Safety and Freshness”
- “Auto Blending, Foreign Matter Removal and Packaging”
精制设备和动作包括 Air classification、Color sorting、Visual identification and impurities removal、Magnetic separation、X-ray and Metal Detection。Fog Valley 另列 Tea cutting and sorting system、Tea refine line、foreign body remove system、tea sterilization、metal detector。
Catalog 描述: Refined tencha is sterilized, blended, optically sorted, magnetically cleaned, and inspected by X-ray and metal detection before milling.
D. 抹茶制造 — Matcha Production
D1. 原料确认与拼配
森伴园流程从“原料确定”开始,重点确认水分;之后为“称料拼配”。
Catalog 描述: Approved tencha lots are checked for moisture and quality, then weighed and blended to meet the target color, aroma, taste, and analytical profile.
D2. 研磨 — Milling
RTV 的章节标题为 “Milling for Ideal Particle Size and Luster”,列出:
- Ball milling — 球磨
- Jet milling — 气流粉碎
- Electric stone mill — 电动石磨
Matcha (1) 同时列出传统石磨、球磨粉碎、气流粉碎。研磨方法是路线选择,不是等级高低的唯一判断标准。
Catalog 描述: Refined tencha is finely milled to achieve the specified particle size, dispersibility, mouthfeel, color, and surface luster.
D3. 过筛、异物控制和分装
森伴园完整流程为:原料确定 → 称料拼配 → 研磨 → 过筛 → 磁棒 → 过金属探测仪 → 内包装材料验收 → 定量分装 → 封口 → X 光机 → 外包装材料验收 → 外包装 → 入库储藏 → 出运。
其流程将“过金属探测仪”标作 CCP;车间洁净度、员工操作规范、设备与容器洁净度,以及内包装材料紫外线杀菌时间是微生物控制重点。
Catalog 描述: The milled powder is sieved, passed through magnetic and metal-detection controls, quantitatively filled, sealed, X-ray inspected, packed, and stored under controlled conditions.
5. 风味工艺路线
RTV catalog 展示三类碾茶初制路线;它们是风味设计手段,而非所有附件共同的必选步骤。
| 路线 | 杀青与干燥 | 英文风味描述 | Catalog 归纳 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 京都式 Kyoto-style | Saturated Vapor;Brick Oven | Emerald green; rich and mellow seaweed aroma; clean and fresh taste with distinct sweet aftertaste. | 海苔香、鲜爽、回甘,苦涩较低。 |
| 蒸焙结合 Steaming and Baking | Superheated Steaming and Heated Roller;Brick Oven plus Chain-plated Dryer | Bright emerald green; bean or nutty aromas derived from the Maillard reaction; light bitterness and mild astringency with clean lingering aftertaste. | 豆香、坚果香,轻苦微涩,尾韵干净。 |
| 涡流热风 Vortex Hot Wind | Saturated Vapor and Vortex Hot Wind;Vortex Hot Wind plus Mesh-type Oven | Rich, full fresh aroma and vibrant color; the astringency and bitterness in the aftertaste reflect regional tea characteristics. | 清香饱满,色泽鲜明,苦涩跨度较广。 |
6. 共同性矩阵
说明:EN RTV 与 CH RTV 合并为“RTV 双语版”。“明确”表示附件直接出现;“延伸”表示在设备、精制或质量控制页面出现;“未见”只表示本次附件未明确展示,不代表企业没有该工序。
| 工艺模块 | Fog Valley | RTV 双语版 | Matcha (1) | 森伴园 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 覆盖与采摘 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 | 未见 |
| 蒸汽杀青 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 |
| 快速冷却 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 |
| 干燥/烘焙 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 |
| 梗叶分离 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 |
| 切断与风选 | 延伸 | 明确 | 延伸 | 精制页出现 |
| 碾茶精制除杂 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 |
| 研磨 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 |
| 过筛、金检、X 光 | 延伸 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 |
| 分装与储藏 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 | 明确 |
7. 关键质量与食品安全控制
- 鲜叶端异物预防:采前清棚,去除遮阳网丝、藤蔓、枯叶等非茶物质。
- 杀青及时性:鲜叶及时进入杀青,控制蒸汽状态与处理时间,避免红变或闷黄。
- 水分控制:原料确认、初干、复烘、研磨前及成品均应设水分判定。
- 洁净环境:森伴园资料显示研磨、分筛、除杂和分装在 10 万级净化区域进行。
- 多道异物控制:风选 → 色选 → 视觉识别 → 磁棒 → 金属检测 → X 光检测。
- CCP:森伴园流程将金属探测设为关键控制点。
- 微生物控制:车间、员工、设备、容器和内包装材料共同管理;附件还展示蒸汽杀菌路径。
- 成品检验:水分、灰分、微生物、粒度、色差及异物控制;具体限值应以客户规格、适用法规和企业标准为准。
- 避光、隔氧、低温和防潮:抹茶粉体表面积大,对氧、光、热、水分和异味敏感,包装与储运必须纳入质量体系。
8. 术语校正与使用边界
- 储青 ≠ Withering:RTV 英文版的 “Withering” 容易被理解为萎凋。对外资料建议用 Fresh-leaf holding 或 Fresh-leaf storage。
- 梗叶分离 ≠ Leaf Splitting:建议用 Stem-leaf separation;原文 “Leaf Splitting” 可保留在来源栏。
- 磁棒 ≠ Magnetic Absorption:食品加工常用 Magnetic separation 或 Magnetic bar。
- 杀青:面向茶叶专业客户可用 Fixation;强调设备和方法时用 Steam fixation,不要只写 sterilization。
- 蒸汽杀菌:是精制后的微生物控制步骤,英文为 Steam sterilization,不能与鲜叶杀青混用。
- Baking 与 Drying:Fog Valley 使用 baking,但系统 catalog 建议将碾茶炉段统一为 Tencha drying,提香焙火另写 Roasting。
- RTV 英文页出现 “Rosting” 等拼写问题;本页统一修正为 Roasting。
- 森伴园给出的温度、时间、洁净级别和 CCP 属于其展示产线;用于采购规格或客户承诺前,应向对应供应商书面确认。
9. 可直接用于对外 Catalog 的双语总述
中文版
我们的抹茶以覆盖栽培鲜叶为原料。鲜叶采摘后及时蒸汽杀青并快速冷却,再经碾茶炉干燥、梗叶分离、复烘、切断和风选制成碾茶。碾茶经过杀菌、匀堆、色选、磁选、金属及 X 光异物控制后,根据目标色泽、香气、滋味和粒度进行拼配与精细研磨。成品经筛分、定量分装和质量检验,在避光、防潮、隔氧条件下储藏,以保持鲜绿色泽、细腻口感和稳定风味。
English Version
Our matcha is made from shade-grown tea leaves. After harvesting, the fresh leaves are promptly steam-fixed and rapidly cooled, then dried in a tencha dryer. Stems and coarse veins are removed through separation, re-drying, cutting, and air classification to produce clean tencha. The refined tencha is sterilized, batch-blended, optically sorted, magnetically cleaned, and inspected by metal detector and X-ray. It is then finely milled to the target color, aroma, taste, particle size, mouthfeel, and luster. The finished matcha is sieved, quantitatively packed, tested, and stored under light-protected, moisture-controlled, and oxygen-reduced conditions to preserve freshness and consistency.
10. 附件来源与页码索引
- Fog Valley Co., Ltd. of Chengdu (1).pdf:p.6 工艺总流程;p.7–12 覆盖、采摘、蒸青、冷却、烘焙、分离和碾茶;p.23–30 精制、切断分选、除杂、杀菌、金检、研磨和包装系统。
- EN_RTV_09042026_B(2).pdf:p.19–22 春季采摘和遮阴管理;p.24–32 初制路线、碾茶全工序、精制、杀菌、除杂、拼配和研磨。
- CH_RTV_08042026(2).pdf:p.25–33 对应中文工艺、风味、精制和研磨页;与英文版交叉校对术语。
- Matcha (1).pdf:p.3 定义;p.10–14 覆盖、采摘及采后管理;p.15–24 碾茶生产、精制和三类研磨方式;p.25–26 卫生安全与感官指标。
- 森伴园抹茶工艺流程介绍.pdf:p.4–6 碾茶生产参数与分流;p.8 抹茶生产全流程及 CCP;p.9–12 精制、洁净车间、X 光检测和出厂检验。